Macam-Macam / Jenis-Jenis Tenses Bahasa Inggris
Pengertian Tenses
Kata Tenses berasal dari kata TEMPUS (bahasa latin) yang berarti waktu/time, dan diperoleh melalui Bahasa Prancis yaitu Temps.
Tenses adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja dalam tata bahasa yang menunjukan waktu terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa dan tahap penyelesaiannya.
Ada 16 bentuk tenses. Berikut ini contoh-contoh tenses serta rumusnya:
KELOMPOK PRESENT (WAKTU SEKARANG)
1. Simple Present Tense (waktu sekarang)
She writes some letters now (active)
Dia menulis beberapa surat sekarang
[S + Verb1 + O/C]
Some letters are written by her now (passive)
Beberapa surat ditulis oleh dia sekarang
[S + To Be(am,are,is) + Verb3 + O]
2. Present Continuous Tense (sedang berlangsung)
She is writing some letters now (active)
Dia sedang menulis beberapa surat sekarang
[S + To Be(am,are,is) + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters are being written by her now (passive)
Beberapa surat sedang ditulis oleh dia sekarang
[S + To Be(am,are,is) + being + Verb3 + O]
3. Present Perfect Tense (telah dikerjakan)
She has written some letters (active)
Dia telah menulis beberapa surat
[S + have,has + Verb3 + O/C]
Some letters have been written by her (passive)
Beberapa surat telah ditulis oleh dia
[S + have,has + been + Verb3+ O]
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (telah sedang dikerjakan)
She has been writing some letters for two hours (active)
Dia telah sedang menulis beberapa surat selama 2 jam
[S + have,has + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters have been being written by her for two hours (passive)
Beberapa surat telah sedang ditulis oleh dia selama 2 jam
[S + have,has + been + being + Verb3 + O]
KELOMPOK FUTURE (YANG AKAN DATANG)
1. Simple Future Tense
She will write some letters tomorrow (active)
Dia akan menulis beberapa surat besok
[S + shall/will + Verb1 + O/C]
Some letters will be written by her tomorrow (passive)
Beberapa surat akan ditulis oleh dia besok
[S + shall/will + be + Verb3 + O]
2. Future Continuous Tense
She will be writing some letters tomorrow (active)
Dia akan sedang menulis beberapa surat besok
[S + shall/will + be + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters will be being written by her tomorrow (passive)
Beberapa surat akan sedang ditulis oleh dia besok
[S + shall/will + be + being + Verb3 + O]
3. Future Perfect Tense
She will have written some letters (active)
Dia akan telah menulis beberapa surat
[S + shall/will + have + Verb3 + O/C]
Some letters will have been written by her (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah ditulis oleh dia
[S + shall/will + have + been + Verb3 + O]
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
She will have been writing some letters (active)
Dia akan telah sedang menulis beberapa surat
[s + shall/will + have + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters will have been being written by her (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia
[S + shall/will + have + been + being + Verb3 + O]
KELOMPOK PAST FUTURE (YANG AKAN DATANG DI MASA LAMPAU)
1. Past Future Tense
She would write some letters when you came (active)
Dia akan menulis beberapa surat ketika kamu datang
[S + should,would + Verb1 + O/C]
Some letters would be written by her when you came (passive)
Beberapa surat akan ditulis oleh dia ketika kamu datang
[S + should,would + be + Verb3 + O]
2. Past Future Continuous Tense
She would be writing some letters on Monday last week (active)
Dia akan sedang menulis beberapa surat pada hari Senin minggu lalu
[S + should,would + be +(Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters would be being written by her on Monday last week (passive)
Beberapa surat akan sedang ditulis oleh dia pada hari Senin minggu lalu
[S + shoul,would + be + being + Verb3 + O]
3. Past Future Perfect Tense
She would have written some letters if you hadn’t come here (active)
Dia akan telah menulis beberapa surat jika kamu belum datang kesini
[S + should,would + have + Verb3 + O/C]
Some letters would have been written by her if you hadn’t come here (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia jika kamu belum datang kesini
[S + should,would + have + been + Verb3 + O]
4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
She would have been writing some letters by March this year (active)
Dia akan telah sedang menulis beberapa surat menjelang Maret tahun ini
[S + should,would + have + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters would have been being written by her by March this year (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia menjelang Maret tahun ini
[S + should,would + have + been + being + Verb3 + O]
Source: Riyn's Site(http://riyn.multiply.com/journal/item/74)
Present TensePengertian Tenses
Kata Tenses berasal dari kata TEMPUS (bahasa latin) yang berarti waktu/time, dan diperoleh melalui Bahasa Prancis yaitu Temps.
Tenses adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja dalam tata bahasa yang menunjukan waktu terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa dan tahap penyelesaiannya.
Ada 16 bentuk tenses. Berikut ini contoh-contoh tenses serta rumusnya:
KELOMPOK PRESENT (WAKTU SEKARANG)
1. Simple Present Tense (waktu sekarang)
She writes some letters now (active)
Dia menulis beberapa surat sekarang
[S + Verb1 + O/C]
Some letters are written by her now (passive)
Beberapa surat ditulis oleh dia sekarang
[S + To Be(am,are,is) + Verb3 + O]
2. Present Continuous Tense (sedang berlangsung)
She is writing some letters now (active)
Dia sedang menulis beberapa surat sekarang
[S + To Be(am,are,is) + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters are being written by her now (passive)
Beberapa surat sedang ditulis oleh dia sekarang
[S + To Be(am,are,is) + being + Verb3 + O]
3. Present Perfect Tense (telah dikerjakan)
She has written some letters (active)
Dia telah menulis beberapa surat
[S + have,has + Verb3 + O/C]
Some letters have been written by her (passive)
Beberapa surat telah ditulis oleh dia
[S + have,has + been + Verb3+ O]
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (telah sedang dikerjakan)
She has been writing some letters for two hours (active)
Dia telah sedang menulis beberapa surat selama 2 jam
[S + have,has + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters have been being written by her for two hours (passive)
Beberapa surat telah sedang ditulis oleh dia selama 2 jam
[S + have,has + been + being + Verb3 + O]
KELOMPOK FUTURE (YANG AKAN DATANG)
1. Simple Future Tense
She will write some letters tomorrow (active)
Dia akan menulis beberapa surat besok
[S + shall/will + Verb1 + O/C]
Some letters will be written by her tomorrow (passive)
Beberapa surat akan ditulis oleh dia besok
[S + shall/will + be + Verb3 + O]
2. Future Continuous Tense
She will be writing some letters tomorrow (active)
Dia akan sedang menulis beberapa surat besok
[S + shall/will + be + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters will be being written by her tomorrow (passive)
Beberapa surat akan sedang ditulis oleh dia besok
[S + shall/will + be + being + Verb3 + O]
3. Future Perfect Tense
She will have written some letters (active)
Dia akan telah menulis beberapa surat
[S + shall/will + have + Verb3 + O/C]
Some letters will have been written by her (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah ditulis oleh dia
[S + shall/will + have + been + Verb3 + O]
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
She will have been writing some letters (active)
Dia akan telah sedang menulis beberapa surat
[s + shall/will + have + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters will have been being written by her (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia
[S + shall/will + have + been + being + Verb3 + O]
KELOMPOK PAST FUTURE (YANG AKAN DATANG DI MASA LAMPAU)
1. Past Future Tense
She would write some letters when you came (active)
Dia akan menulis beberapa surat ketika kamu datang
[S + should,would + Verb1 + O/C]
Some letters would be written by her when you came (passive)
Beberapa surat akan ditulis oleh dia ketika kamu datang
[S + should,would + be + Verb3 + O]
2. Past Future Continuous Tense
She would be writing some letters on Monday last week (active)
Dia akan sedang menulis beberapa surat pada hari Senin minggu lalu
[S + should,would + be +(Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters would be being written by her on Monday last week (passive)
Beberapa surat akan sedang ditulis oleh dia pada hari Senin minggu lalu
[S + shoul,would + be + being + Verb3 + O]
3. Past Future Perfect Tense
She would have written some letters if you hadn’t come here (active)
Dia akan telah menulis beberapa surat jika kamu belum datang kesini
[S + should,would + have + Verb3 + O/C]
Some letters would have been written by her if you hadn’t come here (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia jika kamu belum datang kesini
[S + should,would + have + been + Verb3 + O]
4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
She would have been writing some letters by March this year (active)
Dia akan telah sedang menulis beberapa surat menjelang Maret tahun ini
[S + should,would + have + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters would have been being written by her by March this year (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia menjelang Maret tahun ini
[S + should,would + have + been + being + Verb3 + O]
Source: Riyn's Site(http://riyn.multiply.com/journal/item/74)
- Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense memiliki struktur :
Subject + verb (dalam bentuk infinitive) + …
Contoh: She studies Physics and Mathematics every Thrusday.
Sementara, bentuk kalimat tanya dirumuskan sebagai berikut.
Do/does + subject + verb + …
Contoh: Does She study Physics and Mathematics every Thrusday?
- Present Continous Tense
Present continous tense memiliki struktur:
Subject + am/is/are + verb – ing (present participle) + …
Contoh: Mother is watering flowers now.
Sementara, struktur kalimat tanya tense ini dirumuskan:
Am/is/are + subject + verb – ing + …
Contoh: Is mother watering flowers now?
- Present Perfect Continous Tense
Present perfect tense memiliki struktur:
Subject + have / has + past participle + ….
Contoh : our family have occupied this house for 10 years.
- Present Perfect Continous Tense
Present continous tense, dirumuskan sebagai berikut:
Subject + have / has + been + verb – ing + …
Contoh: My brother been working in Japan for 7 years.
Past Tense
- Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense memiliki struktur:
Subject + verb (bentuk lampau) + ….
Contoh: Veronica bought this house 7 years ago.
Sementara bentuk kalimat tanya tense ini, dirumuskan :
Did + subject + verb (dalam bentuk pertama) + ….
Contoh : Did Veronica buy this house 7 years ago?
- Past Continous Tense
Past Continous Tense dirumuskan sebagai berikut :
Subject + was/were + verb-ing (present participle) + …
Contoh : I was cleaning the house at 9.00 o’clock yesterday morning.
- Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense memiliki struktur :
Subject + had + past participle …
Simple Past Tense memiliki struktur :
Subject + verb (past form) + …
Lalu, kedua rumusan di atas disambung dengan kata penghubung seperti “when, before, atau after.”
Contoh : He had sold the car when I came to see it yesterday afternoon.
- Past Perfect Continous Tense
Kalimat di atas akan lebih simpel jika ditulis dalam past perfect tense dengan struktur :
Subject + had + been + verb-ing (present participle) + ….
Contoh : Diana had been typing the monthly report for 2 hours at 11 o’clock this morning.
Future Tense
- Simple Future Tense
Struktur simple future tense dirumuskan :
Subject + will + verb (infinitive) + …
Contoh : Mrs. Lia will give me special gift tomorrow.
- Future Continous Tense
Struktur future continous tense dirumuskan :
Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb (infinitive tanpa to) + …
Contoh: I am going to write a letter tonight.
- Future Continous Tense
Struktur perfect continous tense biasa dirumuskan :
Subject + shall/will + be + ver-ing (present participle) + …
Contoh: Sarah will be leaving her grandmother’s house if her grandfather come home at 5.00 o’clock this afternoon.
- Future Perfect Tense
Struktur future perfect tense dirumuskan sebagai berikut:
Subject + will + have + past participle + …
Contoh: Fita will have completed her work by the end of January.
- Future Perfect Continous Tense
Struktur future perfect continous tense:
Subject + shall/will + have + been + verb-ing + …
Contoh: When Lala arrives this morning, I will have been sleeping for 1 hour.
(http://fraijonpurba.wordpress.com/2011/01/26/jenis-jenis-tenses-dalam-bahasa-inggris/)
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